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Pharmaceutical
Abbreviations | Abbreviations
in product information leaflets and literature
Acronyms |
Glossary of Terms |
Abbreviations used in
the British Pharmaceutical
Pharmaceutical Abbreviations
Instructions
- You should know and be able to use or interpret the BOLD
FACED Latin abbreviations and their English meaning.
The complete Latin equivalent is not required. This list has
been selected from the typical Latin abbreviation listing and
represents those abbreviations widely used in veterinary
medicine.
- You should know and be able to use the various terms for
weights and measures for the Metric and Apothecaries' systems.
For the Apothecaries' system, you need only know the term "grain"
and the relationship between "fluid ounces" and "pint".
- You should be able to interconvert between the systems, those
relations that are printed below in bold typeface, using the
approximate equivalencies. These conversions are
commonly used in veterinary medicine and/or everyday living.
Latin
Abbreviations
| Abbreviation |
Meaning |
Latin |
| ad.lib. |
freely as
wanted |
ad libitum |
| aq. |
water |
aqua |
| b.i.d. |
twice a day |
bis in die |
| cap. |
capsule |
capula |
| c with bar
on top |
with |
cum |
| div. |
divide |
divide |
| eq.pts. |
equal parts |
equalis
partis |
| gtt. |
a drop |
gutta |
| h. |
hour |
hora |
| no. |
number |
numero |
| O. |
pint |
octarius |
| p.r.n. |
as occasion
requires |
pro re
nata |
| q.s. |
a sufficient
quantity |
quantum
sufficiat |
| q4h |
every 4 hours |
quaque 4
hora |
| q6h |
every 6 hours |
quaque 6
hora |
| q1d |
every day |
quaque 1
die |
| q1w |
every week |
|
| q.i.d. |
four times a
day |
quater in
die |
| s.i.d. |
once a day |
semel in
die |
| Sig., S. |
write on the
label |
signa |
| stat. |
immediately |
statim |
| tab. |
a tablet |
tabella |
| t.i.d. |
three times a
day |
ter in die |
Weights
and measures used in prescribing and toxicology
| The Metric System |
| Weight |
|
| 1 picogram (pg)
|
10-12
gram |
| 1000 picograms |
1 nanogram (ng)
or 10-9 gram |
| 1000 nanograms |
1 microgram
(ug) or 10-6 gram |
| 1000 micrograms |
1 milligram
(mg) or 10-3 gram |
| 1000 milligrams |
1 gram (g) |
| 1000 grams |
1 kilogram (kg) |
| Volume |
|
| 1000
milliliters (ml) |
1 liter (L) |
Be
able to interconvert all of these values
Prefixes for volumes correspond to those for weight. |
IMPORTANT: Know
that 1 part per million (ppm) is a frequently used term in
toxicology and drug residue discussions. For example, the
following are 1 ppm:
1 mg / kg, 1 mcg/g. An analogy is "Percent"
that represents 1 part per hundred, i.e., 1 g/100 g = 1% w/w.
The expression "w/w" indicates that the amount of both
substances is on a weight basis. It is assumed that ppm is w/w
unless otherwise specified. |
| The Apothecaries' System |
| Weight |
|
| 20 grains (gr) |
1 scruple ( ) |
| 3 scruples
|
1 dram( ) = 60
grains |
| 8 drams |
1 ounce ( ) =
480 grains |
| Volume |
|
| 60 minims (m) |
1 fluid dram (
) |
| 8 fluid drams |
1 fluid ounce (
) |
| 16
fluid ounces |
1 pint
(O.) |
| Know
eqivalents in bold faced typed |
Conversion Equivalents
| |
Approximate |
Exact |
| 1
milligram |
1/60
grain |
1/65 grain |
| 1 gram |
15 grains |
15.432 grains |
| 1
kilogram |
2.2
pounds* |
2.2 pounds* |
| 1
milliliter |
15
minims |
16.23 minims |
| 1
liter |
1
quart |
1.06 quarts or
33.8 fluid ounces |
| 1
grain |
60
milligrams |
65 milligrams |
| 1 dram |
4 grams |
3.88 grams |
| 1
ounce |
30
grams |
31.1 grams |
| 1
pound* |
450
grams |
454 grams |
| 1 minim |
0.06 milliliter |
0.062
milliliter |
| 1 fluid dram |
4 milliliters |
3.7 milliliters |
| 1
fluid ounce |
30
milliliters |
29.57
milliliters |
| 1 pint |
500
milliliters |
473 milliliters |
| 1
quart |
1000
milliters |
946 milliliters |
| 1 drop |
1 minim |
|
| 1
teaspoonful |
5
milliliters |
|
| 1
dessertspoonful |
8 milliliters |
|
| 1
tablespoonful |
15
milliliters |
|
Know
equivalents in bold faced type.
Note: Where possible, use suitable units rather than decimal
fractions, e.g., 10 mg not 0.010 g. When a decimal fraction is
used the decimal point must be preceded by a zero, e.g., 0.5 not
.5.
* = avoirdupois pound (the one used in the USA!) |
Conversion
factors for obtaining approximate equivalents
| To
convert |
To |
Multiply
by |
| gr/lb |
mg/lb |
60 |
| gr/lb |
mg/kg |
143 |
| mg/lb |
gr/lb |
0.015 |
| mg/lb |
mg/kg |
2.2 |
| mg/kg |
gr/lb |
0.007 |
| mg/kg |
mg/lb |
0.45 |
| Know conversions in bold typeface |
Pharmaceutical
Abbreviations | Abbreviations
in product information leaflets and literature
Acronyms |
Glossary of Terms |
Abbreviations used in
the British Pharmaceutical


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